Gross Motor
• Gets to sitting position without assistance
• Gets to hands-and-knees position independently
• Crawls
• Stands holding on
• Pulls self to stand
• Walks holding onto furniture
• Stands momentarily without support
• Possibly walks 2 or 3 steps without support
Fine Motor
• Uses pincer grasp
• Puts objects into container
• Takes objects out of container
• Let’s go of objects voluntarily
• Pokes at things with index finger
• Independent wrist and finger movements
• Left or right hand preference observed
• Turns pages/pushes a car/stacks rings
Language/Oral Motor
• Pays increasing attention to spoken words of others
• Talks or “jabbers” all the time, usually with nonsensical sounds
• Responds to simple verbal requests
• Stops doing something if told “no”, but only momentarily
• Says “dada” and “mama”
• Uses exclamations such as “uh-oh”
• Tries to imitate words/indicates wants
• Cup drinking unstable jaw/tongue protrusion on swallow
• Some jaw separation from tongue and lip during bite
• Improved coordination to suck, swallow, breathing (10–12 months)
Personal and Social
• Explores objects in different ways (shaking, banging, throwing, dropping)
• Finds hidden objects easily
• Looks at correct picture when the image is named
• Begins to use objects correctly (drinking from cup, brushing hair, holding phone to ear)
• Imitates gestures
• Is shy or anxious with strangers
• Cries when mom or dad leaves
• Enjoys imitating people
• Shows specific preferences for certain people and toys
• Tests parental responses to behaviors
• May be fearful in some situations
• Prefers primary caregiver over others
• Repeats sounds or gestures for attention
• Feeds self with fingers
• Extends arm or leg to help when being dressed
Visual
• Improved eye hand coordination; shifts focus (5–8 months)
• Looks for hidden objects; imitates faces (8–15 months)